A prospective observational study by Danish researchers, published in Human Reproduction Open in September 2026, examined whether fetal exposure to paracetamol might be associated with early markers of reproductive development.

The COPANA cohort assessed 302 girls at three months of age and compared different patterns of prenatal exposure. At population level, the researchers observed smaller ovarian and uterine volumes and fewer ovarian follicles in some exposed girls.

A finding that needs follow-up

The authors stress that this is an observational study: the results show associations and do not prove that paracetamol causes reproductive problems. They also cannot predict the reproductive future of any individual girl.

The study included an independent cohort followed into adolescence, but longer-term research is needed to determine whether the early differences have any later clinical significance.

What does this mean during pregnancy?

The publication does not recommend stopping indicated treatment. The source notes that decisions about pain and fever management in pregnancy should be individualised with a healthcare professional, and that European and UK guidance continues to consider paracetamol a first-choice option when clinically needed.

Source: Human Reproduction Open / ESHRE, 8 September 2026.